Jersey calves have a higher maintenance energy requirement compared to other cattle breeds. For efficient growth and optimal health, they need a higher fat and protein content in their milk feeding. To match the natural ratio of fat and protein in Jersey milk (5-6% fat and 3.8-4.2% protein), the concentration of calf milk replacer is often increased to 150 to 200 grams per liter of milk.

Heat stress in calves occurs when they are unable to maintain their body temperature within normal ranges, leading to various physiological challenges. Symptoms include increased sweating, reduced feed intake, accelerated shallow breathing, apathetic behavior, and an increased risk of dehydration. These factors directly impact the calf's growth and development, potentially delaying their maturity and affecting future milk production.